Archaeological excavations of ancient articles such as tick rope-pattern terracotta (thick-rope lined pottery), string rope-pattern terracotta (string lined pottery) and red ash pottery, etc. demonstrate human beings used to live in Penghu. Five thousand years ago, they may have been short-term immigrants from southwestern Taiwan. their area of mobility ranged over Jibei, Baisha and the main islands of Penghu, Hsiyu, Wangan, etc. This area was not so extensive and people gathered to form short-term camps of small villages. The red ash pottery culture came about in the area four thousand years ago. But nobody knows why there were no human activities in Penghu for almost three thousand years. Fishermen from Changchou and Chuanchou in mainland China landed in Penghu again to fish in the 9th and 10th century A.D. and stayed there temporarily. Archeologists suppose that Han people settled down in Penghu during the southern Sung dynasty, but they have nothing to do with PenghuOS present inhabitants.

•EXPLORATIONS IN PENGHU
　　Archeologists have discovered 92 ancient historical ruins in Penghu. Fifty-three of them are prehistoric cultures and 39 are cultures from recorded history. These ancient cultures are distributed over 16 islands of the Penghu archipelago. there are 28 ruins on the main island of Penghu, 15 on Baisha and 12 on Wangan. Most cultural relics are stoneware and pottery with some boneware included. In addition, lots of relics such as shells, fish bones and animal bones, etc. have also been discovered.

　　Archeological data show human beings used to live in Penghu five thousand years ago, of which thick-rope lined pottery is considered representative of the Neolithic Age. the Han people immigrated to Penghu in the 9th or 10th century. they were short-term immigrants from changchou and Chuanchou who lived by fishing, collecting shells, raising animals or farming and trading with people who lived along the shore of Fuchien Province in mainland China.

  Archeologists thought that the Han people reclaimed the Penghu archipelago no later the the Northern Sung Dynasty, maybe in the years of the late Tang or between the Tang and Sung dynasty. They used Penghu as a fishing base or resting station. The Han people settled down in Penghu in the era of the Southern Sung Dynasty.

•THE FOOTPRINTS OF THE ANCIENT PEOPLE
　　Penghu's ancient name was "Penghu" or "Penghu" when people reclaimed it during the Sung and Yuan Dynasties. It was finally called "Penghu" during the time of reign of Kanghsi in the Ch'ing Dynasty. The Chinese historical documents definitely recorded that the Han people lived in Penghu at the earliest, in the year 1171 A.D. (the Kuanghai Collected Papers)

　　In the years of the Sung and the Yuan dynasties, Penghu was only a colony for the royal court when "the army met the south wind and some soldiers were left to defend". In the year 1281 A.D., the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty set up a Military Inspectorate govern Penghu. In other words, Penghu was developed 403 years earlier than Taiwan.